Question

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Explanation:

Identify the primary epidermal cells

Using the Keratinocytes knowledge point, we identify the main cell type of the epidermis. The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells. The most abundant cells in this tissue are keratinocytes, which produce the structural protein keratin.

Describe the process of keratinization

As these cells mature, they produce a tough, fibrous, waterproof protein called keratin. Over time, as they fill with this protein and harden, they undergo a process called keratinization.

Locate cell division in the epidermis

Using the Epidermal Layers knowledge point, we determine where new cells are produced. Cell division occurs in the deepest layer of the epidermis, which is called the stratum basale (or germinating layer).

Analyze cell migration and nutrient supply

As new cells are formed in the stratum basale, they push older cells further away from the dermis. Because the epidermis is avascular, cells rely on diffusion from the dermal blood supply. Moving further away from this supply causes them to die.

Identify the outermost protective layer

The dead, hardened outermost cells of the epidermis form the stratum corneum. These fully keratinized, flat cells eventually slough off from the surface of the skin.

Answer:

Question 1

The epidermis consists of multiple layers of epidermal cells called keratinocytes.

Question 2

These cells produce a tough, fibrous, waterproof protein called keratin, which over time, hardens in a process called keratinization.

Question 3

The cells of the epidermis are produced by the process of cell division in the deepest layer of the epidermis. This layer is called the stratum basale.

Question 4

As new cells are formed, they push older cells further away from the dermis and the blood supply available there. Consequently, the cells die.

Question 5

The dead, hardened outermost cells of the epidermis form the stratum corneum. These cells eventually are sloughed off.