Question

however, these benefits came with big problems, or what we call growing pains. one of the most dramatic changes happened to the cities. as soon as the facto needed a huge number of workers. people moved from farms to the nearest city in a massive shift called urbanization, but the cities were not ready for them.

1. what is another term used to describe the problems that came with the new factory growth?
2. what term describes the massive moveme of people from farms to cities?

because so many people moved so quickly, there wasnt enough decent housing. poor families had to crowd together into small, run - down apartment buildings ca buildings were often dark, unsafe, and unsanitary. it was common for several families to share one small room, and they usually had no indoor running water or wo

1. what were the crowded, unsafe apartment buildings called?
2. name two reasons why this new housing was unhealthy.

another terrible part of the growing pains was the problem of pollution and sickness. factories used huge amounts of coal, sending thick, dark smoke into the air and causing health problems. with so many people living in cramped areas, waste was often dumped into rivers that people needed for drinking water, leading to th diseases like cholera. also, factory workers, including many children, often worked long hours for very little pay.

1. what caused the thick, dark smoke in the cities?
2. list one negative working condition that factory workers and children experienced.

thankfully, these growing pains didnt last forever. the rapid growth of cities forced people to demand changes. over time, reformers and city leaders created new streets, build better sewer systems, and ensure cleaner drinking water. people also fought for better pay and shorter work hours, leading to improvements in the live industrial revolution caused big challenges, but it also forced people to invent solutions that would make cities and working life much better down the road.

1. what two things did city leaders start to build to make cities cleaner?
2. what was a positive result of people fighting for changes in the workplace?

Explanation:

1. The text explicitly states "these benefits came with big problems, or what we call 'growing pains'".
2. The text clearly mentions "People moved from farms to the nearest city in a massive shift called urbanization".
3. The text says "Poor families had to crowd together into small, run - down apartment buildings called tenements".
4. The text mentions "buildings were often dark, unsafe, and unsanitary. It was common for several families to share one small room, and they usually had no indoor running water or working toilets". Two reasons could be unsanitary conditions (no indoor running water or working toilets) and overcrowding (several families sharing one small room).
5. The text states "Factories used huge amounts of coal, sending thick, dark smoke into the air".
6. The text says "factory workers, including many children, often worked long hours for very little pay". One negative condition is long working hours for little pay.
7. The text mentions "reformers and city leaders created new laws to make cities cleaner, build better sewer systems, and ensure cleaner drinking water". Two things are better sewer systems and cleaner drinking water infrastructure (implied by ensuring cleaner drinking water).
8. The text says "People also fought for better pay and shorter work hours, leading to improvements in the lives of workers". A positive result is better pay and shorter work hours.

Answer:

1. Growing pains
2. Urbanization
3. Tenements
4. Unsanitary (no indoor running water or working toilets); Overcrowding (several families sharing one small room)
5. Factories using huge amounts of coal
6. Long working hours for little pay
7. Better sewer systems; Cleaner drinking water infrastructure
8. Better pay and shorter work hours