Question

how did the ulcer case illustrate problems with failing to recognize inferences?
a. physicians ignored observations supporting acidity
b. a long - held inference was confused with an observation
c. observations proved bacteria cannot live in stomachs
d. research showed that ulcers are purely genetic traits

Explanation:

Traditionally, it was thought that ulcers were caused by excess acidity, an inference. There was a long - held belief that bacteria could not survive in the acidic stomach environment. When evidence emerged about the role of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in ulcers, the long - held inference about acidity being the sole cause was confused with actual observations. This shows the problem of not recognizing inferences correctly.

Answer:

B. A long - held inference was confused with an observation