Question

how does the tilt of the earth cause it to be colder during winter?

Explanation:

The Earth's axis is tilted. During winter in a hemisphere (e.g., Northern Hemisphere), that hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun. This leads to the Sun's rays hitting the region at a more oblique angle, spreading the same amount of solar energy over a larger area. Also, the sunlight has to pass through more of the Earth's atmosphere, reducing its intensity. Less solar energy reaching the surface means less heating, resulting in colder temperatures.

Answer:

During winter in a hemisphere, the hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun. Sun's rays hit at an oblique angle (spreading energy over a larger area), pass through more atmosphere (reducing intensity), so less heating occurs, causing colder temperatures.