Question

1. how can emotional appeals be used in ways that harm an argument?

by distracting the audience from the real issue
by supporting the reasons and claim of the author
by convincing the audience to agree with the author
by persuading the audience to look at the evidence

Explanation:

To determine how emotional appeals harm an argument, we analyze each option:

• "By distracting the audience from the real issue": Emotional appeals can overemphasize feelings, diverting attention from logical reasoning or the actual topic, which harms the argument's validity.
• "By supporting the reasons and claim of the author": This is a positive use of emotional appeal to strengthen an argument, not harm it.
• "By convincing the audience to agree with the author": A successful emotional appeal that persuades (if done well with logic too), but the question is about harming the argument. If it's only emotion without substance, but this option is more about persuasion (could be positive or negative, but not directly harming in definition).
• "By persuading the audience to look at the evidence": This is a positive action to support an argument, not harm it.

So the correct option is the one about distracting from the real issue.

Answer:

A. by distracting the audience from the real issue