Question

hmh science dimensions biology. unit 1. lesson 2. pages 24 - 28

1. explain the function of the cell membrane and the cytoplasm.
2. what is the function of the nucleus?
3. describe the relationship between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes.
4. what is the function of the golgi apparatus?
5. how are mitochondria different from other organelles?
6. list four groups of organisms that have cell walls surrounding their cell membrane.

Explanation:

• Question 5: The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. The cytoplasm is the jelly - like substance where many cellular processes occur.
• Question 6: The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
• Question 7: Ribosomes are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The rough endoplasmic reticulum helps in the synthesis and transport of proteins made by the ribosomes.
• Question 8: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or for use within the cell.
• Question 9: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell as they produce ATP (energy) through cellular respiration. Most other organelles do not have this energy - producing function.
• Question 10: Plants, fungi, bacteria, and some archaea have cell walls surrounding their cell membranes.

Answer:

• 5. Cell membrane: controls substance entry/exit. Cytoplasm: site of cellular processes.
• 6. Contains DNA, controls cell activities.
• 7. Ribosomes on rough ER; ER transports ribosome - made proteins.
• 8. Modifies, sorts, packages proteins/lipids.
• 9. Produces ATP (energy), unlike most organelles.
• 10. Plants, fungi, bacteria, archaea.