Question

document e
chronology of english mortality in virginia, 1607 - 1610
1607
14 may: 104 colonists disembark at jamestown island, total population: 104
26 may: 2 die in first indian attack on fort james, total population: 102
june - aug: at least 3 more die in indian ambushes, total population: 99
aug - oct: summer sickness kills half the colonist, total population: 49
nov: capt. george kendall is executed for mutiny, total population: 48
dec: pamunkeys kill 2 colonists in capturing capt. john smith, and, at year’s end, the english in virginia “were but fortie in all”, total population: 40
1608
2 jan: capt. newport arrives with 100 men (1st supply), total population: 140
10 apr: capt. nelson brings 20 in phoenix, 2 depart, total population: 158
7 sept: smith reports “many dead, some sick”, total population: 130
8 oct: newport arrives with 70 colonists (2nd supply), total population: 200
1609 - 1610
winter 1608 - 09: only 8 die during well - provisioned winter, total population: 192
mid - jan: 11 colonists die in boating accident, total population: 181
summer: disease returns, 100 at jamestown “sickened and half the number died”, total population: 131
11 - 18 august: 6 ships bring some 250 people (3rd supply), total population: 381
aug - oct: of 120 men stationed near the falls, the indians kill “neere halfe”, total population: 330
aug - oct: of 100 men at nansemond, indians kill 50, total population: 280
nov - may 1610: powhatan’s siege of jamestown (the “starving time”) kills some 110 colonists from famine and disease; another 33 slain; 37 desert, total population: 90
document analysis

1. what is the total number of colonists to arrive at jamestown by summer of 1609?
2. in 1607 and 1608 how many settlers died from disease? how many were killed by indians?
3. what generalization can you make about the numbers and causes of settler death in 1609?
4. what can you infer about settler - indian relations from 1607 to 1609?

Explanation:

Sub - question 1:

Step 1: Identify the relevant data points

In 1607, 104 colonists disembark. In 1608, Capt. Newport arrives with 100 men (1st supply) and Capt. Nelson brings 20 men (2 of them depart, so 20 - 2 = 18 new arrivals), and later Newport arrives with 70 colonists (2nd supply).

Step 2: Calculate the total

First, calculate the number of colonists in 1608: 100 (1st supply) + 18 (from Capt. Nelson) + 70 (2nd supply) = 188. Then add the 104 from 1607: 104+188 = 292. Wait, but we need to check the total population by summer 1609. Wait, maybe a better way: In 1607: 104. In 1608: 100 (1st supply) + 20 (Capt. Nelson, but 2 depart, so net 18) + 70 (2nd supply) = 100 + 18+70 = 188. Then by summer 1609, before the 3rd supply (which is in August 1609), the total arrivals before summer 1609: 104 (1607) + 100+18 + 70 (1608)=292. But wait, the total population in winter 1608 - 09 is 192, but that includes deaths. Wait, the question is about the number of colonists to arrive (not the number remaining). So:

1607: 104.

1608:

• 1st supply: 100.

• Capt. Nelson: 20 (arrive), 2 depart, so 20 - 2 = 18 new arrivals.

• 2nd supply: 70.

Total arrivals by summer 1609 (before the 3rd supply in August 1609): 104+100 + 18+70 = 292.

Wait, but let's check the total population in 1608 October is 200. Then winter 1608 - 09 is 192 (which is after some deaths). But the question is about the number of colonists to arrive (i.e., the number of people who came, not the number remaining). So:

1607: 104.

1608:

• 1st supply: 100.

• Capt. Nelson: 20 (arrive), 2 depart, so 18 new.

• 2nd supply: 70.

Total arrivals: 104+100 + 18+70 = 292.

Step 1: Deaths from disease in 1607 and 1608

In 1607: Summer sickness kills half the colonists. Initial population 104, after first Indian attack (2 die) population is 102, then at least 3 more die (population 99), then summer sickness: from 99 to 49, so 99 - 49 = 50 die from summer sickness. In 1608: Smith reports "many dead, some sick" but we don't have exact numbers. Wait, maybe the problem is that in 1607, the summer sickness kills 50 (from 99 to 49). In 1608, we don't have a clear number for disease deaths. Wait, maybe I misread. Wait the question is about 1607 and 1608. In 1607: summer sickness kills 50 (99 - 49 = 50). In 1608, maybe no disease deaths recorded? Wait, no, the document says "Smith reports'many dead, some sick'". But maybe the intended calculation: In 1607, disease (summer sickness): 50. In 1608, maybe 0? No, that can't be. Wait, maybe the total disease deaths in 1607: 50. Indian deaths in 1607: 2 (first attack) + 3 (more in Indian ambushes) + 2 (in capturing Capt. John Smith) = 7. In 1608, no Indian deaths recorded? Wait, the document for 1608 has no Indian - related deaths. So total disease deaths: 50 (1607) + 0 (1608) = 50. Indian deaths: 7 (1607) + 0 (1608) = 7. But this seems incomplete. Wait, maybe the summer sickness in 1607: initial population after some deaths is 99, then it goes to 49, so 50 die. Indian deaths in 1607: 2 + 3+2 = 7. In 1608, no Indian deaths, and no disease deaths with numbers. So maybe the answer is disease deaths: 50, Indian deaths: 7. But this is a bit unclear.

Step 3: For Indian deaths in 1607: 2 (first attack) + 3 (ambushes) + 2 (capturing Smith) = 7. Disease deaths in 1607: 50 (summer sickness: 99 - 49 = 50). In 1608, no disease or Indian deaths with numbers, so total disease deaths: 50, Indian deaths: 7.

Sub - question 3:

In 1609, the causes of death include a boating accident (11 die), disease (100 at Jamestown "sickened and half the number died" so 50 die from disease), Indian attacks (at the falls, Indians kill "neere halfe" of 120, so about 60; at Nansemond, Indians kill 50 of 100; and during the siege, 33 are slain). So the number of deaths increased compared to 1607 and 1608, and the causes include disease, accidents, and Indian attacks, with Indian attacks and disease being major causes.

Sub - question 4:

Answer:

292

Sub - question 2: