Question

the devastating wildfires of 1988 destroyed large areas of lodgepole pine communities. these communities have begun to reestablish through the process of. if the supervolcano under yellowstone were to erupt, the landscape would be buried under ash and lava, leaving no soil. in this case, establishment of an ecological community would occur through. the new community would take to reestablish after a volcanic eruption than it would after a wildfire. primary succession less time longer secondary succession

Explanation:

• Secondary succession: Occurs in areas where soil remains (like after a wildfire that destroys plant life but leaves soil intact).
• Primary succession: Happens in areas with no soil (such as after a volcanic eruption that buries the landscape under ash and lava, removing soil).
• Longer: Primary succession takes longer than secondary succession because it starts from scratch (no soil, so pioneer species like lichens first need to help create soil), while secondary succession has soil already present which allows for a faster re - establishment of the community.

Answer:

1. secondary succession
2. primary succession
3. longer