Question

complete the table to indicate whether each statement is true or false. after the first round of meiotic cell division, each resulting cell contains 2n chromosomes. every gamete is genetically identical to its parent germ cell. meiosis always produces four gametes that each contain chromosomes with the same alleles. meiosis always produces four gametes that each contain chromosomes with the same genes. after the second round of meiotic cell division, each resulting cell contains n chromosomes.

Explanation:

• After the first round of meiotic cell division: Meiosis I reduces the chromosome number from \(2n\) (diploid) to \(n\) (haploid) in each resulting cell. So the statement "After the first round of meiotic cell division, each resulting cell contains \(2n\) chromosomes" is false.
• Gamete and parent germ cell: Gametes are produced through meiosis. During meiosis, crossing - over (prophase I) and independent assortment (metaphase I) occur, which lead to genetic variation. So gametes are not genetically identical to the parent germ cell, and the statement "Every gamete is genetically identical to its parent germ cell" is false.
• Gametes and alleles: Due to crossing - over (exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes) and independent assortment (random distribution of homologous chromosomes into daughter cells), gametes do not always have chromosomes with the same alleles. So the statement "Meiosis always produces four gametes that each contain chromosomes with the same alleles" is false.
• Gametes and genes: Chromosomes are made up of genes. Homologous chromosomes (which separate during meiosis) have the same genes (but may have different alleles). After meiosis, each gamete gets one set of chromosomes. Since the set of chromosomes in a gamete is a complete set (carrying all the genes in a haploid state), the statement "Meiosis always produces four gametes that each contain chromosomes with the same genes" is true.
• After the second round of meiotic cell division: Meiosis II is similar to mitosis. After meiosis I (which is reductional division), meiosis II (equational division) further divides the cells. The starting cells for meiosis II are haploid (\(n\)), and after meiosis II, the resulting cells are also haploid (\(n\)). So the statement "After the second round of meiotic cell division, each resulting cell contains \(n\) chromosomes" is true.

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True