Question

combat veterans in a therapy group express a great deal of guilt and rage. most likely, the veterans are in a(n):
select one:
a. rap group.
b. experience writing group.
c. exposure group.
d. desensitization and reprocessing group.

compared with covert exposure therapy for combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, virtual reality exposure therapy has been shown to be:
select one:
a. not at all effective.
b. more effective.
c. equally effective.
d. less effective.

in the reaction to fearful and stressful situations, nerves may indirectly affect organs by stimulating the:
select one:
a. adrenal gland.
b. hippocampus.
c. medulla.
d. ganglion.

Explanation:

Analyze the first question regarding combat veterans

The first question asks about combat veterans in a therapy group who express a great deal of guilt and rage. In clinical psychology, particularly during and after the Vietnam War, veterans organized informal peer support and discussion groups to share their experiences, guilt, and anger. These groups are historically and clinically referred to as rap groups. Therefore, option (a) is the correct choice.

Analyze the second question regarding virtual reality exposure

The second question compares virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) with covert (imaginal) exposure therapy for combat veterans with PTSD Symptoms. Clinical research indicates that VRET, which provides immersive, computer-generated environments, is equally effective compared to traditional imaginal/covert exposure therapies in reducing PTSD symptoms. Therefore, option (c) is the correct choice.

Analyze the third question regarding physiological stress response

The third question asks how nerves indirectly affect organs in response to fearful and stressful situations. During a stress response, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal gland (specifically the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream), which then travel through the blood to indirectly affect various target organs. Therefore, option (a) is the correct choice.

Answer:

Question 1

• a. rap group. (Correct answer)
• b. experience writing group.
• c. exposure group.
• d. desensitization and reprocessing group.

Question 2

• a. not at all effective.
• b. more effective.
• c. equally effective. (Correct answer)
• d. less effective.

Question 3

• a. adrenal gland. (Correct answer)
• b. hippocampus.
• c. medulla.
• d. ganglion.