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the chromosome theory learning objective 18.1: given a micrograph or dr…

Question

the chromosome theory
learning objective 18.1: given a micrograph or drawing of a cell you’ve never seen before, label chromosomes, chromatids, sister chromatids, and homologous chromosomes, if pre the cell.
the four diagrams below represent four different pairs of structures. gray arrows indicate the pairs in the two diagrams on the right. use the drop down menu to select the correct label for each diagram.
options in dropdown: homologous chromosomes, non - sister chromatids, sister chromatids, non - homologous chromosomes

Explanation:

Brief Explanations

To label the diagrams:

  1. First diagram (two equal - length red chromosomes): These are homologous chromosomes as they have the same length and are a pair. But in the dropdown, if we consider non - homologous, no—wait, the first dropdown - let's re - evaluate. Wait, the second diagram (two red chromosomes, one long, one short): These are non - homologous chromosomes (different lengths, not a pair). The third diagram (two chromatids joined at centromere, same structure): These are sister chromatids (formed from replication, identical, joined). The fourth diagram (two pairs of sister chromatids, each pair is homologous to the other? Wait, no—two separate homologous pairs? Wait, the fourth diagram with two arrows, each pointing to a pair of sister chromatids: these two pairs are homologous chromosomes (each pair is sister chromatids, and the two pairs are homologous). But let's go step by step.

First diagram (left - most, two equal red chromosomes): homologous chromosomes (they are a pair, same size). But in the dropdown, if the selected option was non - homologous, that's wrong. Wait, the second diagram (two red chromosomes, one long, one short): non - homologous chromosomes (different sizes, not a homologous pair). The third diagram (two chromatids, same, joined): sister chromatids (replicated chromosome, two identical chromatids). The fourth diagram (two sets of sister chromatids, each set is a homologous pair? No, the two sets are homologous to each other? Wait, the fourth diagram has two pairs of sister chromatids, so the label for the fourth should be homologous chromosomes (the two pairs are homologous). But let's match the labels:

  • Second diagram (one long, one short red chromosome): non - homologous chromosomes (since they are not a homologous pair, different lengths).
  • Third diagram (two chromatids, same, joined): sister chromatids (they are identical, joined at centromere, result of DNA replication).
  • Fourth diagram (two pairs of sister chromatids): homologous chromosomes (the two pairs are homologous to each other).

But the question is about labeling each diagram. Let's assume the first dropdown (left - most) was for the first diagram. Wait, the first diagram (two equal red chromosomes) – if they are a pair, homologous. But in the dropdown, the selected option was non - homologous, which is wrong. Wait, maybe the first diagram is non - homologous? No, homologous chromosomes are similar in size, shape, etc. So if two chromosomes are same size, they are homologous. If different, non - homologous.

So correcting:

  • First diagram (two equal red chromosomes): homologous chromosomes.
  • Second diagram (one long, one short red chromosome): non - homologous chromosomes.
  • Third diagram (two chromatids, same, joined): sister chromatids.
  • Fourth diagram (two pairs of sister chromatids): homologous chromosomes (the two pairs are homologous).

But since the user's image shows the first dropdown with non - homologous selected (maybe a mistake), but to label correctly:

For the second diagram (one long, one short red chromosome): label is non - homologous chromosomes (as they are not a homologous pair, different lengths).

For the third diagram (two chromatids, same, joined): label is sister chromatids (they are identical, replicated, joined at centromere).

For the fourth diagram (two pairs of sister chromatids): label is homologous chromosomes (the two pairs are homologous to each other).

But let's focus on the second diagram (the one with one long and one short red chromosome) – its correct label is non - homologous chromosomes…

Answer:

For the second diagram (one long, one short red chromosome): non - homologous chromosomes. For the third diagram (two chromatids, same, joined): sister chromatids. For the fourth diagram (two pairs of sister chromatids): homologous chromosomes. (Assuming the first diagram is homologous chromosomes if they are same size, but based on the dropdown in the image, the first had non - homologous selected which might be incorrect, but the second diagram is clearly non - homologous due to different lengths.)