Question

1. choose the best answer.

what was the result of the united states v. cruikshank ruling emerging from charges leveled against white defendants in the colfax massacre?
it was the first case in which white men served time in federal prisons for violent acts against blacks.
it granted the federal government power to intervene in riots.
it legitimized lynching as a form of law enforcement.
it nullified the enforcement acts, allowing individual states to impede black rights.

1. choose the best answer.

passage of the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments was necessary because ____.
the u.s. constitution explicitly excluded minority groups
state laws failed to protect rights
there was no federal citizenship or voting codes
ambiguous language in the constitution prevented blacks from realizing their rights

Explanation:

• Question 6: The United States v. Cruikshank ruling nullified the Enforcement Acts. The Enforcement Acts were meant to protect Black rights (like the right to vote). By nullifying them, it allowed states to impede Black rights. For example, states could then pass laws (like literacy tests, poll taxes) that effectively blocked Black people from exercising their rights.
• Question 7: The Fourteenth Amendment (defines citizenship and equal protection) and Fifteenth Amendment (prohibits racial discrimination in voting) were necessary because state laws failed to protect the rights of Black people. After the Civil War, many states passed Black Codes (later Jim - Crow laws) that restricted Black people's freedoms, such as limiting employment, housing, and voting. Federal amendments were needed to override these discriminatory state laws.

Answer:

1. It nullified the Enforcement Acts, allowing individual states to impede Black rights.
2. state laws failed to protect rights.