Question

chapter 13 review exercises

evaluate the following.

1. when the base current of an npn transistor is \\(40\text{ }\mu\text{a}\\), the reading of a collector-to-emitter voltage, \\(v_{ce}\\), produces the following reading for the current collector, \\(i_c\\).

\

$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \\hline v_{ce}\\text{ (v)} & 0 & 0.5 & 1 & 2 & 4 & 6 & 8 & 10 \\\\ \\hline i_c\\text{ (ma)} & 0 & 2 & 2.4 & 2.5 & 2.7 & 2.9 & 3.1 & 3.3 \\\\ \\hline \\end{array}$$

plot the points in the table with \\(v_{ce}\\) on the horizontal axis.

Explanation:

Identify the variables and coordinates

The problem asks us to plot the points from the given table.
The horizontal axis is designated for the collector-to-emitter voltage, \(V_{CE}\) in volts (\(\text{V}\)).
The vertical axis is designated for the collector current, \(I_C\) in milliamperes (\(\text{mA}\)).
We can write the data points as ordered pairs \((V_{CE}, I_C)\):

• \((0, 0)\)
• \((0.5, 2)\)
• \((1, 2.4)\)
• \((2, 2.5)\)
• \((4, 2.7)\)
• \((6, 2.9)\)
• \((8, 3.1)\)
• \((10, 3.3)\)

Determine the scale of the axes

To plot these points clearly:

• The horizontal axis (\(V_{CE}\)) ranges from \(0\) to \(10\). A scale with major grid lines every \(1\) or \(2\) units is appropriate.
• The vertical axis (\(I_C\)) ranges from \(0\) to \(3.3\). A scale with major grid lines every \(0.5\) or \(1\) unit is appropriate.

Plot each ordered pair

We locate each coordinate pair on our coordinate system:

• Start at the origin \((0,0)\).
• For \((0.5, 2)\), move \(0.5\) units right and \(2\) units up.
• For \((1, 2.4)\), move \(1\) unit right and \(2.4\) units up.
• For \((2, 2.5)\), move \(2\) units right and \(2.5\) units up.
• For \((4, 2.7)\), move \(4\) units right and \(2.7\) units up.
• For \((6, 2.9)\), move \(6\) units right and \(2.9\) units up.
• For \((8, 3.1)\), move \(8\) units right and \(3.1\) units up.
• For \((10, 3.3)\), move \(10\) units right and \(3.3\) units up.

Connect the plotted points

In transistor characteristic curves, the points are typically connected with a smooth curve to represent the continuous physical relationship between \(V_{CE}\) and \(I_C\) at a constant base current (\(I_B = 40\ \mu\text{A}\)).

Answer:

To plot the given data, we represent each column in the table as an ordered pair \((V_{CE}, I_C)\), where the horizontal axis represents \(V_{CE}\) (in \(\text{V}\)) and the vertical axis represents \(I_C\) (in \(\text{mA}\)).

The coordinates to plot are:

• \((0, 0)\)
• \((0.5, 2.0)\)
• \((1.0, 2.4)\)
• \((2.0, 2.5)\)
• \((4.0, 2.7)\)
• \((6.0, 2.9)\)
• \((8.0, 3.1)\)
• \((10.0, 3.3)\)