Question

a changing landscape
while the cahokians were planting their fields and building their mounds, maize was spreading through the eastern half of what is now the united states. for thousands of years, native americans had shaped the landscape mainly with fire. they used their axes only to clear small gardens. as maize swept in, though, indians burned and chopped thousands of acres, mainly in river valleys, to plant the new crop, and they kept the new fields clear. after a period of trial and error, they learned how to plant wisely, to avoid floods and mudslides. before long, maize fields surrounded many villages.
forest surrounded the fields, but the indians were changing the forest, too. before, they had burned the undergrowth to create new growth for grazing deer and elk. now they wanted replanting large stretches of woodland, turning them into orchards of fruit and nut trees. they harvested chestnuts, hickory nuts, hazelnuts, beechnuts, acorns, pecans, walnuts, and butternuts from thousands of trees that they had planted.
within a few hundred years after adopting maize, the indians of the eastern forest had transformed their landscape. what was once a patchwork game park had become a mixture of farmland and oak-hickory forest was left to allow for hunting, but agriculture was on the rise.
native americans had created a new balance of nature.
what is the cause and effects in this passage?
write at least two.
write you answer here
write you answer here

Explanation:

To determine the cause and effects, we analyze the passage:

• Cause: The adoption of maize (corn) by Native Americans in the eastern US. They started using fire to shape the landscape, clear undergrowth, and plant maize on a larger scale (moving from small gardens to thousands of acres in river valleys after trial - and - error in planting).
• Effects:
• Landscape transformation: Forests were changed (e.g., turned into orchards of fruit and nut trees, and later into a mixture of farmland and oak - hickory forests).
• Creation of new ecosystems: A patchwork game park became a mixture of farmland and oak - hickory, and enough forest was left for hunting while agriculture rose. Also, they managed the forest for deer and elk grazing by burning undergrowth and replanting, and created areas suitable for villages around maize fields.

Answer:

• Cause: The adoption of maize by Native Americans in the eastern United States, along with their use of fire and trial - and - error in large - scale maize planting.
• Effects:
• Transformation of the landscape from forested areas to orchards, then to a mixture of farmland and oak - hickory forests.
• Creation of new ecosystems that supported both hunting (remaining forest) and agriculture, and development of village - suitable areas around maize fields through forest management (burning undergrowth, replanting).