Question

cells require a constant supply of energy to maintain organization, grow, and respond to their environment. this energy is stored and transferred using molecules such as atp. in multicellular organisms, cells become specialized for particular functions, allowing tissues and organs to work together to maintain homeostasis. mitochondria play a critical role in energy production by converting the chemical energy stored in glucose into atp during cellular respiration. cells with high energy demands, such as muscle and nerve cells, contain large numbers of mitochondria. in plants, chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy through photosynthesis. this process provides the energy that supports nearly all life on earth, either directly or indirectly. multiple-choice questions (reading passage) write the correct answer on your answer sheet. 38. which statement best explains why mitochondria are essential for cell survival? a. they control cell division b. they store genetic material c. they produce atp needed for cellular processes d. they absorb sunlight 39. why do muscle cells contain more mitochondria than skin cells? a. muscle cells divide more often b. muscle cells require more energy

Explanation:

Question 38

• Option a: Cell division is controlled by the nucleus and cell cycle mechanisms, not mitochondria. Eliminate a.
• Option b: Genetic material (DNA) is stored in the nucleus (and in mitochondria to a small extent, but not as their main function). Mitochondria's main role is energy production, so b is incorrect.
• Option c: The passage states "Mitochondria play a critical role in energy production by converting the chemical energy stored in glucose into ATP during cellular respiration." ATP is needed for cellular processes, so this matches.
• Option d: Chloroplasts (in plants) absorb sunlight for photosynthesis, not mitochondria. Eliminate d.

• Option a: Muscle cells do not divide more often than skin cells (skin cells have a high turnover rate). Eliminate a.
• Option b: The passage says "Cells with high energy demands, such as muscle and nerve cells, contain large numbers of mitochondria." Muscle cells need more energy for contraction, so they have more mitochondria. This matches.

Answer:

c. They produce ATP needed for cellular processes

Question 39