Question

cell parts and functions - quiz 25 points

1. what is a cell? 1p
2. list 2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 2p
3. name one type of eukaryotic cell and one type of prokaryotic cell. 2p
4. what is an organelle? give one example. 2p
5. list 3 differences between plant cells and animal cells. 3p
6. for each of the following, complete either the organelle name or the organelle function. 8p

organelle name	function
nucleus
	assembles proteins
cytoplasm
cell membrane
	packages and transports proteins, chemicals and water.
	cleans up wastes and invading organisms
vacuole

Explanation:

1. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and most organelles, while eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane - bound organelles.
3. An example of a eukaryotic cell is a human skin cell, and an example of a prokaryotic cell is a bacterium like E. coli.
4. An organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function. For example, the mitochondria.
5. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, while animal cells do not.
6. The organelle that is the powerhouse of the cell is the Mitochondria. The function of the Nucleus is to control cell activities and contain genetic material. The organelle that assembles proteins is the Ribosome. The function of the Cytoplasm is to hold organelles and be the site of many chemical reactions. The function of the Cell Membrane is to regulate what enters and leaves the cell. The organelle that packages and transports proteins, chemicals and water is the Golgi Apparatus. The organelle that cleans up wastes and invading organisms is the Lysosome. The function of the Vacuole is to store substances like water, nutrients, and waste products.

Answer:

1. The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus; Eukaryotes have membrane - bound organelles.
3. Human skin cell (eukaryotic), E. coli (prokaryotic)
4. A specialized subunit within a cell with a specific function, e.g., mitochondria.
5. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, large central vacuole; animal cells do not.
6. Mitochondria; Controls cell activities, contains genetic material; Ribosome; Holds organelles, site of many chemical reactions; Regulates what enters and leaves the cell; Golgi Apparatus; Lysosome; Stores substances like water, nutrients, waste products.