Question

the cell cycle and cancer
video handout
name
this handout accompanies the the cell cycle (and cancer) video by the amoeba sisters on
youtube. complete the before the show section first. then, try to guess the answers to the
free-response questions before watching the video.
full url: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvcahazegama try url: https://youtu.be/qvcahazegama
before the show (answer before you start video)
what types of activities do you think the cells in your body are performing right now? brainstorm and list any activities
or processes you believe your cells are currently doing.
showtime questions (answer while viewing the video)

1. how does a multicellular organism grow?

a. existing cells grow in size
b. existing cells divide and reproduce
c. new cells replace existing cells

1. which process allows your body to create more cells?

a. meiosis
b. binary fission
c. mitosis

1. what is cancer?

a. uncontrolled cell division
b. uncontrolled cytokinesis
c. controlled cell division

1. which of the following is not true of cancer cells?

a. they may overcommunicate with healthy cells
b. they may not be able to carry out normal cell
functions
c. they may develop into a tumor
d. they can take nutrients away from healthy cells

1. in which phase of the cell cycle are cells growing,

replicating dna, and carrying out cell functions?
a. interphase
b. mitosis
c. meiosis

1. in which phase are cells actively dividing?

a. interphase
b. mitosis
c. meiosis

1. cytokinesis is the splitting of the cytoplasm.

a. true
b. false

1. where do cells spend most of their time?

a. mitosis
b. cytokinesis
c. interphase

1. what occurs in the s phase of interphase?

a. the cell grows
b. the cell divides
c. the cell replicates its dna

1. what does the cell check in the g1 checkpoint?

a. if the cell is growing and if its dna is
damaged
b. if the dna is replicated correctly
c. if the chromosomes are replicated correctly

1. in which mitotic phase does the cell check to make

sure that chromosomes are lined up correctly?
a. prophase
b. metaphase
c. anaphase

1. what happens if a cell doesnt meet the

requirements of a checkpoint and cant be fixed?
a. it mutates
b. it is replaced with a healthy cell
c. it undergoes apoptosis

1. what proteins rise and fall during the cell cycle to

determine if the cell should move on to the next
phase?
a. mitosis
b. cyclin
c. cytocyclin

1. which type of regulators are involved in apoptosis?

a. positive regulators
b. negative regulators
c. cdk regulators

1. which types of cells are in the g0 resting phase

and typically do not replicate?
a. heart and liver cells
b. red and white blood cells
c. neurons in the brain and spinal cord

Explanation:

1. Multicellular organisms grow mainly by existing cells dividing and reproducing (mitosis), so for question 1, option b is correct.
2. Mitosis is the process in the body that creates more cells (somatic cells), so question 2, option c is correct.
3. Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell division, so question 3, option a is correct.
4. Cancer cells do not over - communicate with healthy cells in a positive way (they disrupt normal cell communication), so question 4, option a is the incorrect statement (the one that is NOT true).
5. Cells grow, replicate DNA, and carry out functions in interphase, so question 5, option a is correct.
6. Cells are actively dividing in mitosis (for somatic cells; meiosis is for gametes but in terms of active division phase as per general cell cycle for growth, mitosis is considered here), so question 6, option b is correct.
7. Cytokinesis is indeed the splitting of the cytoplasm, so question 7, option a (true) is correct.
8. Cells spend most of their time in interphase (preparing for division, growing, etc.), so question 8, option c is correct.
9. In the S phase of interphase, DNA replication occurs, so question 9, option c is correct.
10. In the G1 checkpoint, the cell checks if it is growing and if DNA is undamaged (before entering S phase), so question 10, option a is correct.
11. In metaphase, chromosomes line up at the equator, and the cell checks for proper alignment, so question 11, option b is correct.
12. If a cell doesn't meet checkpoint requirements and can't be fixed, it undergoes apoptosis (programmed cell death), so question 12, option c is correct.
13. Cyclin proteins rise and fall to regulate the cell cycle progression, so question 13, option b is correct.
14. Negative regulators (like tumor suppressor proteins) are involved in apoptosis (preventing abnormal cell survival), so question 14, option b is correct.
15. Neurons in the brain and spinal cord are typically in G0 and do not replicate (heart cells can have some limited replication but neurons in brain and spinal cord are more classic examples of G0 non - replicating cells in adults), so question 15, option c is correct.

Answer:

1. b. existing cells divide and reproduce
2. c. mitosis
3. a. uncontrolled cell division
4. a. they may overcommunicate with healthy cells
5. a. interphase
6. b. mitosis
7. a. true
8. c. interphase
9. c. the cell replicates its DNA
10. a. if the cell is growing and if its DNA is damaged
11. b. metaphase
12. c. it undergoes apoptosis
13. b. cyclin
14. b. negative regulators
15. c. neurons in the brain and spinal cord