Question

it is argued that self - actualization, an individuals need, may be the least or never fully built in a person. thus the person might shift towards a deficiency need like belonging or a sense of connection before engaging with growth (and self - actualization) needs.

1. maslow continued to revise and refine his theory of human motivation. he pointed out that in order to be true to the hierarchy of needs as well as the cultural context, the research on the hierarchy of the needs should be based on cultural history and individual differences. for example, some people may feel the need for self - esteem more important than the need for love. for some times of moments, the concern for self - esteem may be more important than the concerns of maslows theory. in fact, simply the basic needs of human beings and the complementary nature of a hierarchical structure.
2. based on the new pyramid, the reader can tell that

a. the self - actualization need has remained in the same position even after maslows revision.
b. most people experience a linear path in fulfillment of needs from deficiency to growth needs.
c. only few people move back and forth between majority of needs based on life experiences.
d. for most people the self - actualization need is never achieved or fulfilled because of lack of time

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs (the basis of the "basic pyramid" here):

• Option A: Maslow's revisions (like adding more needs or adjusting the hierarchy) changed the position/importance of self - actualization. So this is incorrect.
• Option B: Most people do not follow a linear, step - by - step path from deficiency needs (like physiological, safety) to growth needs (like self - actualization). They can move between different levels based on circumstances, so this "linear path" idea is wrong.
• Option C: People often move back and forth between different needs (e.g., a person who has their safety needs threatened might focus on that instead of a higher - level need like esteem, and then go back to esteem when safety is restored). This aligns with how the hierarchy is experienced in real - life, considering experiences and changing circumstances.
• Option D: Self - actualization is not about "lack of time" but about personal growth, fulfillment, and realizing one's potential. Many people can work towards self - actualization, and it's not just about time. So this is incorrect.

Answer:

C. only how people move back and forth between majority of needs based on life experiences