approaches to psych
______ 13. what did wilhelm wundt call the procedure he followed?
a. insight
b. free association
c. introspection
d. observation
______ 14. to a functionalist, the actions of the conscious mind serve what purpose?
a. movement
b. survival
c. memory
d. perception
______ 15. as a psychoanalyst, sigmund freud pioneered the use of this technique to reveal his patients’ unconscious processes.
a. insight
b. introspection
c. gestalt
d. free association
______ 16. which approach to psychology concerns itself with methods to reduce discrimination against immigrants?
a. behavioral
b. functional
c. cognitive
d. sociocultural
______ 17. which of the following best describes how a humanist’s beliefs differ from a behaviorist’s beliefs?
a. humanists believe that behavior is controlled by unconscious forces.
b. humanists believe that a person is not controlled by his or her environment.
c. humanists believe that a person’s behavior is not controlled by unconscious forces.
d. humanists believe that human behavior is controlled by a person’s environment.
______ 18. when a psychologist derives results from experimentation and observation, the results are called
a. cognitive data.
b. predictive data.
c. structural data.
d. empirical data.

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 13
# Brief Explanations:
Wilhelm Wundt, a key figure in psychology, called the procedure of self - examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings "introspection". Insight is about sudden understanding, free association is Freud's technique, and observation is just watching. So the correct option is C.
# Answer:
C. introspection

### Question 14
# Brief Explanations:
Functionalists view the mind and behavior in terms of their function. The actions of the conscious mind, according to functionalism, serve the purpose of survival. Movement, memory, and perception are more specific or not the main functionalist view of the conscious mind's purpose. So the correct option is B.
# Answer:
B. survival

### Question 15
# Brief Explanations:
Sigmund Freud, as a psychoanalyst, pioneered free association. This technique involves patients freely reporting their thoughts, which helps reveal unconscious processes. Insight is sudden understanding, introspection is self - examination (Wundt's), and Gestalt is about whole perception. So the correct option is D.
# Answer:
D. free association

### Question 16
# Brief Explanations:
The sociocultural approach in psychology focuses on how social and cultural factors influence behavior. Reducing discrimination against immigrants is a social issue related to cultural and social factors, so the sociocultural approach would be concerned with methods to do this. Behavioral focuses on behavior - environment links, functional on function, and cognitive on mental processes. So the correct option is D.
# Answer:
D. sociocultural

### Question 17
# Brief Explanations:
Behaviorists believe behavior is controlled by the environment (conditioning). Humanists believe people have free will and are not controlled by the environment. Option A is psychoanalytic, C is not a core difference, and D is behaviorist. So the correct option is B.
# Answer:
B. Humanists believe that a person is not controlled by his or her environment.

### Question 18
# Brief Explanations:
Empirical data is data obtained through experimentation and observation. Cognitive data is about mental processes, predictive data is about prediction, and structural data is about structure. So when a psychologist gets results from experimentation and observation, it's empirical data. The correct option is D.
# Answer:
D. empirical data

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Question 13

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Question 14