Question

1. the apennine mountains run like a limp stretching out eastward, and on them seems formed that land, shaped some called italy. there were several nations living round these hills and latins being the chief. the latins and the sabines were like the greeks. there were a great many settlements of gre italy, and they learned something from them. they had a gre had its own guardian. these were called lares, or penates, represented as little figures of dogs lying by the hearth, or as this is the reason that the bars, which close in an open heart whenever there was a meal in the house the master began b lares, and also to his own ancestors, of whom he kept figure much of their families, and all one family had the same name tullius or appius, the daughters only changing it by making it and the men having separate names standing first, such as m sisters were only numbered to distinguish them. based on information from the last three lines of the passage, it appears that a mens names were based on gods. b names were unisex in ancient rome. c the naming process varied by family. d women were not highly esteemed.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option against the passage (focusing on lines 12 - 15 about naming):

• Option A: The passage has no info about names being based on gods. Eliminate.
• Option B: The passage shows men had distinct names and women either modified family names or were numbered (e.g., “daughters only changing it... sisters were only numbered”), so names were not unisex. Eliminate.
• Option C: The passage does not suggest naming processes varied by family. It shows a consistent pattern (family name for women with modification/numbering, distinct names for men). Eliminate.
• Option D: Women’s names were derived from family names (with minor changes) or they were numbered (e.g., sisters “only numbered to distinguish them”), indicating less individual recognition and lower esteem compared to men (who had “separate names standing first”). This aligns with the text.

Answer:

D. women were not highly esteemed.