Question

answer the following questions in your own words. you may use your notes.

1. what are the monomers of carbohydrates? polymers?
2. what chemical elements make up a carbohydrate? (hint: there are 3)
3. true or false: carbohydrates can have the same chemical formula but different physical structures. this means that they are different molecules.
4. what are carbohydrates used for?

Explanation:

1. Monomers of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and act as the building blocks (monomers). For example, glucose is a common monosaccharide. Polymers of Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides are formed when multiple monosaccharides are linked together. Starch (in plants) and glycogen (in animals) are examples of polysaccharides.
2. Carbohydrates are composed of three chemical elements. Carbon provides the structural framework. Hydrogen and oxygen are present in a ratio similar to that in water (\(H_2O\)), which is why they are called carbohydrates (hydrates of carbon).
3. Isomerism is a common phenomenon in carbohydrates. Compounds with the same chemical formula but different physical structures (isomers) are different molecules. For example, glucose and fructose both have the formula \(C_6H_{12}O_6\) but have different structures and properties.
4. Carbohydrates have multiple functions. They are a primary source of energy for cells (through processes like cellular respiration). They also play structural roles, such as cellulose in plant cell walls.

Answer:

1. Monomers: Monosaccharides. Polymers: Polysaccharides.
2. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
3. True.
4. Energy source and structural support.