Question

answer the following questions about genetic mutations. darken the circle or circles that correspond to your answer choice(s). look at the two nucleotide sequences for a section of dna given below.

1. what type of mutation is shown in the copied sequence?

a substitution b insertion c deletion d nondisjunction

1. if you compare the original dna sequence to the copied dna sequence shown above, which one of the following are true statements?

a the mutation in the copied sequence adds a different amino - acid from the original.
b the protein coded by the copied dna will be different from the original and may function differently.
c the protein coded by the copied dna will function exactly the same as the original.
d the mutation that occurred in the copied dna sequence will change the number of chromosomes produced in all subsequent cells.
e the mutation will be passed on to future generations.

1. if a doctor suspects down syndrome in a developing fetus, what should he observe via karyotype analysis?

a a missing sex chromosome b translocation of genetic material
c deletion of genetic material d three copies of a certain chromosome

1. sickle - cell disease is a genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin. in the gene that codes for hemoglobin, the normal codon sequence gag becomes gug, and as a result, the amino acid glutamic is replaced with valine. what type of mutation causes sickle - cell disease?

a point b frameshift c deletion d inversion

1. the diagram below shows a disorder of chromosome 17.

what type of chromosomal mutation has occurred?
a inversion b deletion c insertion d translocation

Explanation:

1. In the first question, substitution is when one nucleotide is replaced by another, which seems to be the case here looking at the copied sequence compared to the original.
2. When a mutation occurs in DNA, it can change the amino - acid sequence, leading to a different protein with potentially different function. If it's in a germ - line cell, it can be passed on to future generations.
3. Down syndrome is caused by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21), which is detected via karyotype analysis.
4. Sickle - cell disease is caused by a point mutation where a single nucleotide change in the gene for hemoglobin leads to a change in the amino - acid sequence.
5. Without seeing the full details of the disorder of chromosome 17, but generally, if there is a change in the chromosome structure like a part being moved, it could be a translocation.

Answer:

1. A. substitution
2. B. The protein coded by the copied DNA will be different from the original and may function differently; E. The mutation will be passed on to future generations.
3. C. three copies of a certain chromosome
4. A. point
5. C. translocation