Question

according to janet dolgin, all the custody cases she reviewed were alike in that they awarded custody to
○ those parties whose living arrangements came closest to the traditional u.s. middle - class two - parent family.
○ both biological parents.
○ the biological mother instead of the biological father.
○ the parent, biological or adoptive, who had actually taken care of the child.

Explanation:

Janet Dolgin's research in law (a sub - field of Social Science) regarding custody cases showed a pattern. Custody decisions often favored the parent (biological or adoptive) who had been the primary caregiver. This is based on the principle of the child's best interests, which values the existing caregiving relationship.

Answer:

the parent, biological or adoptive, who had actually taken care of the child.