air or cloud is rubbing together or colliding to build up that much charge? and where is the charge being collected? modern methods allow scientists to detect and measure lightning with much more precision. researchers use multiple antennas to measure the changes in energy and charge over very short time periods. the antennas can detect the buildup of charges in a cloud as ice crystals collide, as well as the separation of these charges to the top and bottom of the cloud. these charge buildups allow scientists to track the initiation and movement of lightning from the cloud to the ground or other endpoints. what information did you figure out from the research methods section? how is the type of information in this section different from that in the background section? findings data from antenna arrays show that when lightning starts, the intensity of energy increases by several orders of magnitude, or several powers of ten, over the course of only 15 microseconds (15 microseconds = 1.5 × 10⁻⁶, or 0.0000015, seconds).