Question

14 multiple choice 2 points
in a trophic cascade, the removal of top predators such as wolves or sea otters most likely results in:
no measurable change in ecosystem dynamics
energy flow increasing at higher trophic levels
overpopulation of prey and decline of producers
increased biodiversity and balance at all trophic levels

Explanation:

In a trophic cascade, top predators (like wolves or sea otters) control prey populations. Without them, prey overpopulate. Prey then over - consume producers (e.g., plants if prey are herbivores). Energy flow doesn't increase at higher levels as top predators are removed. Biodiversity doesn't increase as producers decline affecting many species. There is a measurable change.

Answer:

Overpopulation of prey and decline of producers