Question

1. the following question has two parts. the diagram below models the steps of moving sodium and potassium ions across a cellular membrane. study the diagram carefully. first, answer part a. then, answer part b. part a what type of transport is modeled in this diagram? a osmosis b facilitated diffusion via a transport protein c active transport via a protein pump d endocytosis part b which two evidences from the model best support your answer in part a? a the movement of two types of ions across a membrane b the movement of ions c the movement through a phospholipid membrane d the use of energy e the use of a transport protein f the movement of substances against the concentration gradient 15. which of the following accurately describes how aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration are different? a anaerobic respiration requires energy, but aerobic respiration doesnt. b anaerobic respiration takes place in the nucleus of a cell, but aerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm. c aerobic respiration requires oxygen, but anaerobic respiration doesnt. d aerobic respiration occurs only in animals, but anaerobic respiration occurs only in plants.

Explanation:

Question 14 Part A

To determine the transport type, analyze the diagram:

• Osmosis is water movement, not ion transport (eliminate A).
• Facilitated diffusion is passive (no energy, down concentration gradient), but the diagram shows ATP (energy) use (eliminate B).
• Active transport uses energy (ATP) and protein pumps to move substances against concentration gradients. The diagram has ATP and ion movement against gradients (matches C).
• Endocytosis is bulk transport (not ion movement via pumps, eliminate D).

For active transport (Part A answer), evidence must support energy use and against - concentration - gradient movement:

• Option D (use of energy, ATP is shown) and F (movement against concentration gradient: \(K^+\) is higher inside, \(Na^+\) higher outside, ions move against these gradients) support active transport. Other options (A: two ion types not unique to active; B: ion movement alone not enough; C: movement through phospholipid? No, via transport protein; E: transport protein is used in other transports too) are not specific to active transport.

Analyze each option:

• A: Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration produce energy (ATP), so anaerobic does not “require energy” uniquely (eliminate A).
• B: Anaerobic respiration (e.g., glycolysis) is in cytoplasm; aerobic occurs in mitochondria and cytoplasm. Neither is in the nucleus (eliminate B).
• C: Aerobic respiration requires \(O_2\) (to fully oxidize glucose), anaerobic does not (uses other electron acceptors or no external acceptor). This is correct.
• D: Aerobic respiration occurs in plants, animals, and microbes; anaerobic also occurs in animals (e.g., muscle cells) and microbes (eliminate D).

Answer:

C. active transport via a protein pump

Question 14 Part B