Question

1. beta - carotene is converted into vitamin a by the human body and improves the bodys health. the gene for producing beta - carotene is taken from wild daffodils and a bacterium found in the soil. the genes from the plant and bacteria are inserted into the rice genome, creating what is known as golden rice.

how can golden rice be an advantage to a population?
a it can increase the number of insects in farms.
b it can decrease the diseases in crops.
c it can increase the nutrition in food.
d it can increase the price of food.

1. which statement best describes how a cell in the human body uses genetic information to produce inherited characteristics?

a all cells contain the same set of chromosomes, which have the information to produce only one inherited characteristic.
b all cells contain the same set of chromosomes, which have the information to produce all inherited characteristics.
c each cell contains a single pair of chromosomes that produces all the inherited characteristics.
d each cell contains a different pair of chromosomes that produces a single inherited characteristic.

Explanation:

For question 13:

• Golden rice has genes inserted to produce beta - carotene (which is converted to vitamin A). Vitamin A is important for health. Increasing nutrition (as vitamin A is a nutrient) is an advantage. Option C is correct as it relates to increased nutrition in food. Options A (increase in insects in farms - no relation to golden rice's purpose), B (decrease diseases in crops - not the main advantage of golden rice which is about nutrition for consumers), and D (increase price of food - not an advantage in terms of population benefit) are incorrect.

For question 14:

• In humans, all somatic cells contain the same set of chromosomes (46 in total, 23 pairs). These chromosomes have the genetic information to produce all inherited characteristics. Gene expression (which genes are turned on or off) determines the function of the cell. Option B is correct. Option A is wrong because chromosomes have information for multiple inherited characteristics. Option C is wrong as human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes (not a single pair). Option D is wrong as all somatic cells have the same set of chromosomes (not different pairs for each cell to produce a single characteristic).

Answer:

1. C. It can increase the nutrition in food.
2. B. All cells contain the same set of chromosomes, which have the information to produce all inherited characteristics.