Question

1. what process is pictured?

replication
translation
substitution mutation
crossing over

1. what is the purpose of the process pictured?

to ensure all daughter cells are identical
to increase genetic diversity
reduce the chance of mutations
all of the above

Explanation:

• For question 11: Crossing - over is a process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. In the picture, we can see two homologous chromosomes (one red and one purple) exchanging segments, which is characteristic of crossing - over. Replication is the process of making an identical copy of DNA. Translation is the process of making proteins from mRNA. Substitution mutation is a type of mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another.
• For question 12: Crossing - over occurs during meiosis. It leads to the recombination of genetic material. This recombination results in new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes of the gametes. New combinations of alleles increase genetic diversity in the offspring. Ensuring all daughter cells are identical is the purpose of mitosis (in most cases, except for some special types of mitosis - like in some fungi). Crossing - over does not reduce the chance of mutations; it is a normal process of genetic recombination.

Answer:

1. crossing over
2. To increase genetic diversity