Question

1. which of the following technologies can compare the expression of thousands of genes at once?

a. dna fingerprinting
b. gel electrophoresis
c. gene sequencing
d. dna microarrays

1. using gene knockout organisms can reveal the function of a gene by…

a. rearranging the sequence of an organisms genes.
b. showing the effect of turning off a gene.
c. comparing the dna fingerprint of two organisms.
d. distinguishing between an original organism and its clone.

1. to quickly amplify the amount of dna in a sample, which process would a scientist use?

a. polymerase chain reaction
b. bioinformatics
c. dna fingerprinting
d. gel electrophoresis

1. how does gel electrophoresis separate dna fragments?

a. according to function.
b. according to size.
c. according to how many.
d. according to origin.

1. which of the following statements is true for the restriction map shown below?

a. fragments b and d smaller than a.
b. fragments a and b smaller than d.
c. fragments b and c are the same size as d.
d. fragment b is smaller than c.

1. which of the following terms means the study and comparison of proteins within and among organisms?

a. genetic engineering
b. proteomics
c. genomics
d. bioinformatics

Explanation:

• Question 10: DNA microarrays (also known as gene chips) are used to measure the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. DNA fingerprinting is for identifying individuals based on their DNA, gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size, and gene sequencing determines the order of nucleotides in DNA.
• Question 11: Gene knockout involves inactivating (turning off) a gene to observe the resulting phenotype, which helps in understanding the gene's function. Rearranging gene sequences is not the main goal of knockout, comparing DNA fingerprints is for identification, and distinguishing clones is not the function - related aspect here.
• Question 12: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify (make many copies of) a specific DNA region. Bioinformatics is the use of computational tools for biological data analysis, DNA fingerprinting is for identification, and gel electrophoresis is for separation.
• Question 13: Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on their size. Smaller fragments move faster through the gel matrix. Function, number, and origin are not the criteria for separation in gel electrophoresis.
• Question 14: In gel electrophoresis, smaller fragments move further. If we assume the direction of travel is from top to bottom (as is common in gel set - ups), fragment B has moved further than fragment C, so fragment B is smaller than fragment C.
• Question 15: Proteomics is the study of proteins, including their structure, function, and interactions within and among organisms. Genetic engineering is about manipulating genes, genomics is about the study of genomes (all the genetic material of an organism), and bioinformatics is about computational analysis of biological data.

Answer:

1. d. DNA microarrays
2. b. Showing the effect of turning off a gene
3. a. Polymerase chain reaction
4. b. According to size
5. d. Fragment B is smaller than C
6. b. Proteomics