Question

10 multiple choice 1 point
when news outlets focus almost entirely on election polling data, horse-race journalism can:

• shape expectations that discourage turnout among some voters
• encourage parties to stop using public opinion surveys
• prevent media bias by avoiding emotional story framing
• increase policy knowledge by covering detailed proposals

11 multiple choice 1 point
younger voters often use tiktok or instagram as their primary news source.
selective exposure on these platforms can:

• prevent partisan conflict by showing neutral information
• increase turnout for some groups while lowering it for others
• ensure equal knowledge of issues across all age categories
• reduce algorithm use during major national elections

12 multiple choice 1 point
a news outlet focuses heavily on a national scandal while giving almost no coverage to a major local policy change.
this best demonstrates how the gatekeeper role can influence:

• why interest groups alter their long-term policy goals
• which public issues voters view as most important
• how elected officials conduct daily legislative work
• when political parties adjust their candidate platforms

Explanation:

Question 10

Horse - race journalism focuses on election polling and candidate competition. Focusing on polling data can create expectations (e.g., a candidate is far ahead/behind), which may make some voters feel their vote won't matter, discouraging turnout. The other options are incorrect: horse - race journalism doesn't encourage parties to stop polls, it doesn't prevent bias (it can be biased), and it doesn't cover policy details.

Selective exposure on social platforms means users see content they prefer. Younger voters' news consumption on TikTok/Instagram with selective exposure can lead to different turnout impacts: those exposed to mobilizing content may turn out more, others less. Other options are wrong: selective exposure isn't neutral, doesn't ensure equal knowledge, and doesn't reduce algorithms.

The gatekeeper role of media is about what news is covered. By focusing on a scandal and ignoring local policy, the media influences what issues voters perceive as important. Other options are unrelated: gatekeeping doesn't affect interest groups' policy goals, officials' legislative work, or parties' candidate platforms.

Answer:

A. Shape expectations that discourage turnout among some voters

Question 11