Question

why are greenhouse gases released during permafrost thawing?
a. they are absorbed from the ocean
b. they are created by coastal erosion
c. they are released by freshwater dilution
d. they are stored in frozen ground

which term describes people displaced by environmental changes?
a. coastal residents
b. climate refugees
c. flood victims
d. environmental migrants

Explanation:

First Question:

To determine why greenhouse gases are released during permafrost thawing, we analyze each option:

• Option a: Greenhouse gases from permafrost thawing are not absorbed from the ocean. Permafrost is frozen ground, not related to ocean absorption for this process. Eliminate a.
• Option b: Coastal erosion does not create greenhouse gases during permafrost thawing. Permafrost is typically in polar or high - latitude regions, and coastal erosion is a different process. Eliminate b.
• Option c: Freshwater dilution does not release greenhouse gases from permafrost. Permafrost thawing involves the thawing of frozen ground, not freshwater dilution. Eliminate c.
• Option d: Permafrost is frozen ground that stores organic matter. When it thaws, the organic matter decomposes, releasing greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide. This option correctly explains the release of greenhouse gases during permafrost thawing.

To find the term for people displaced by environmental changes:

• Option a: Coastal residents are people living near the coast, not necessarily displaced by environmental changes. Eliminate a.
• Option b: Climate refugees are people who are forced to leave their homes due to climate - related environmental changes (like rising sea levels, extreme weather events). This option fits the description.
• Option c: Flood victims are people affected by floods, but this is a more specific type of environmental disaster - related displacement and not a general term for all environmental - change - related displacement. Eliminate c.
• Option d: Environmental migrants is a broader term, but “climate refugees” is a more specific and widely - recognized term for those displaced by environmental changes (especially climate - related). However, among the options, “climate refugees” (option b) is the most appropriate as it specifically refers to displacement due to environmental (climate) changes.

Answer:

d. They are stored in frozen ground

Second Question: