Question

which are used to create a raster image?

mathematics
pixels
vector shapes
paths

Explanation:

Raster images are made up of pixels. Pixels are the smallest unit of a digital image. Mathematics is a broad field and not directly what creates a raster image. Vector shapes are used in vector graphics (not raster). Paths are often associated with vector - based design (like in Adobe Illustrator) rather than raster images.

Answer:

Pixels