Question

1. which list of three planets and earths moon is arranged in order of increasing equato diameter? (1) earths moon, pluto, mars, mercury (3) mercury, mars, earths moon, pluto (2) pluto, earths moon, mercury, mars (4) mars, mercury, pluto, earths moon 6) terrestrial planets move more rapidly in their orbits than the jovian planets because terrestrial planets are (1) more massive (3) more dense (2) rotating on a tilted axis (4) closer to the sun 7) which of the following describes the fundamental difference in composition between the terrestrial and jovian planets? (1) terrestrial planets are made of gas and ice, while jovian planets are made of rocks and metals (2) terrestrial planets are made of rocks and metals, while jovian planets are made of gas and ice (3) terrestrial planets have many moons, while jovian planets have few to none (4) terrestrial planets have a low density, while jovian planets have very thin atmospheres 8) differences in earths orbital velocity around the sun are caused primarily by changes in the (1) inclination of earths axis (2) rate of rotation of earth (3) distance between earth and the sun (4) oblate spheroid shapes of earth and the sun 9) in which list are celestial features correctly shown in order of increasing size? (1) galaxy → solar system → universe → planet (2) solar sy → galaxy → planet → universe → solar system → planet → universe

Explanation:

• Question 5: The diameters (in km) are: Earth’s Moon (~3474), Pluto (~2370), Mercury (~4880), Mars (~6779). So the order from smallest to largest is Pluto, Earth’s Moon, Mercury, Mars.
• Question 6: According to Kepler’s laws, the closer a planet is to the Sun, the faster it moves. Terrestrial planets are closer to the Sun than Jovian planets.
• Question 7: Terrestrial planets (e.g., Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) are made of rocks and metals. Jovian planets (e.g., Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) are made of gas and ice.
• Question 8: By Kepler’s second law (equal - area law), the orbital velocity of a planet (including Earth) around the Sun changes with its distance from the Sun. When Earth is closer to the Sun (perihelion), it moves faster; when it is farther (aphelion), it moves slower.
• Question 9: The size order (from smallest to largest) is: planet (e.g., Earth) < solar system (contains planets, Sun, etc.) < galaxy (contains many solar systems) < universe (contains all galaxies).

Answer:

• 5) (2) Pluto, Earth’s Moon, Mercury, Mars
• 6) (4) closer to the Sun
• 7) (2) Terrestrial planets are made of rocks and metals, while Jovian planets are made of gas and ice
• 8) (3) distance between Earth and the Sun
• 9) (4) planet → solar system → galaxy → universe