Question

1. which of the graduated cylinders (a, b or c) from question three would provide you with the most accurate measurement for an object that has a volume of around 6 ml? explain your answer.
2. what do you call the curved, upper surface of water that commonly appears when using a graduated cylinder? describe what causes this.
3. what is the volume of the liquid in each of the following graduated cylinders?

(a) image of graduated cylinder with markings 1 - 5
volume =
(b) image of graduated cylinder with markings 10 - 50
volume =
(c) image of graduated cylinder with markings 5 - 25
volume =

1. what do you call the procedure that helps you determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object, while using a graduated cylinder? how do you perform the procedure?

Explanation:

1. The graduated - cylinder with the smallest graduation intervals provides the most accurate measurement. A cylinder with a maximum volume close to the volume of the object (around 6 mL) and small graduation marks would be best. Without knowing the graduation intervals of A, B, and C, if one has graduations of 0.1 mL and others have larger graduations, the one with 0.1 - mL graduations is more accurate.
2. The curved, upper surface of water in a graduated - cylinder is called a meniscus. It is caused by the cohesive forces between water molecules and the adhesive forces between water molecules and the glass of the graduated - cylinder. Water molecules are more attracted to the glass than to each other near the glass surface, causing the upward curvature.
3. For cylinder A, if the graduation intervals are 0.5 mL and the liquid level is at 2.5 mL. For cylinder B, if the graduation intervals are 5 mL and the liquid level is at 35 mL. For cylinder C, if the graduation intervals are 1 mL and the liquid level is at 15 mL.
4. The procedure is called water - displacement. First, pour a known volume of water \(V_1\) into the graduated - cylinder. Then, carefully place the irregularly - shaped object into the water, making sure it is completely submerged. The new volume of water and the object together is \(V_2\). The volume of the object \(V = V_2−V_1\).

Answer:

1. The graduated - cylinder with the smallest graduation intervals and a maximum volume close to 6 mL.
2. Meniscus. Caused by cohesive and adhesive forces.
3. A: 2.5 mL; B: 35 mL; C: 15 mL (assuming graduation intervals as described above).
4. Water - displacement. Pour known volume \(V_1\) of water, submerge object, find \(V_2\), and \(V = V_2−V_1\).