Question

1. which of the following is a way the mantle can deform the crust directly through heat transfer?

continental - continental divergent rifting
continental - continental convergent mountain building
oceanic - oceanic convergent volcanism
oceanic - oceanic divergent crust recycling

Explanation:

Mantle heat transfer (via convection) drives tectonic plate movements. Continental-continental divergent rifting occurs when mantle upwelling heats and weakens continental crust, causing it to stretch and split—this is a direct effect of mantle heat transfer deforming the crust. Other options involve convergent processes (mountain building, volcanism) or crust recycling, which are indirect or involve different mechanisms.

Answer:

continental-continental divergent rifting