Question

which of the following surgical procedures treats hydrocephalus?
a cerebrospinal fluid shunt
b laminectomy
c carotid endarterectomy
d nerve block

Explanation:

Hydrocephalus is a condition where there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain. A cerebrospinal fluid shunt is a surgical procedure that involves creating a pathway (shunt) to redirect the excess CSF to another part of the body (such as the abdominal cavity) where it can be absorbed. This helps relieve the pressure caused by the excess CSF.
A laminectomy is a surgical procedure to remove part of a vertebra's lamina to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves (usually for conditions like spinal stenosis).
Carotid endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove plaque from the carotid arteries (to prevent stroke).
A nerve block is a procedure where medication is injected near a nerve or group of nerves to block pain signals (used for pain management).

Answer:

A. cerebrospinal fluid shunt