Question

which of the following rows identifies an element that will form an ionic compound when that element reacts with fluorine and another element that has the properties that are the most similar to fluorine?

\

$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \\hline \\text{row} & \\text{element that will form an ionic compound with fluorine} & \\text{element with properties most similar to fluorine} \\\\ \\hline \\bigcirc & \\text{lithium} & \\text{oxygen} \\\\ \\hline \\bigcirc & \\text{lithium} & \\text{chlorine} \\\\ \\hline \\bigcirc & \\text{sulfur} & \\text{oxygen} \\\\ \\hline \\bigcirc & \\text{sulfur} & \\text{chlorine} \\\\ \\hline \\end{array}$$

Explanation:

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<reasoning>

Identify the element forming an ionic compound with fluorine

Fluorine is a highly reactive non-metal (halogen). An ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal. Among the choices in the second column:

• Lithium is an alkali metal.
• Sulfur is a non-metal.

Therefore, lithium will react with fluorine to form an ionic compound (\(\text{LiF}\)), while sulfur and fluorine would form a covalent compound. This narrows our choices to the first two rows.

Identify the element with properties most similar to fluorine

Elements in the same group (column) of the periodic table share similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.

• Fluorine is in Group 17 (the halogens).
• Chlorine is also in Group 17 (the halogens), meaning it has properties most similar to fluorine.
• Oxygen is in Group 16 (the chalcogens).

Using the Periodic Table Organization knowledge point, we identify chlorine as the element most similar to fluorine.

Select the correct row

Combining both findings:

• Element forming an ionic compound with fluorine: Lithium
• Element with properties most similar to fluorine: Chlorine

This corresponds to the second row of the table.
</reasoning>

<answer>
<mcq-option>Row 1: Lithium | Oxygen</mcq-option>
<mcq-correct>Row 2: Lithium | Chlorine</mcq-correct>
<mcq-option>Row 3: Sulfur | Oxygen</mcq-option>
<mcq-option>Row 4: Sulfur | Chlorine</mcq-option>
</answer>

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Answer:

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<reasoning>

Identify the element forming an ionic compound with fluorine

Fluorine is a highly reactive non-metal (halogen). An ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal. Among the choices in the second column:

• Lithium is an alkali metal.
• Sulfur is a non-metal.

Therefore, lithium will react with fluorine to form an ionic compound (\(\text{LiF}\)), while sulfur and fluorine would form a covalent compound. This narrows our choices to the first two rows.

Identify the element with properties most similar to fluorine

Elements in the same group (column) of the periodic table share similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.

• Fluorine is in Group 17 (the halogens).
• Chlorine is also in Group 17 (the halogens), meaning it has properties most similar to fluorine.
• Oxygen is in Group 16 (the chalcogens).

Using the Periodic Table Organization knowledge point, we identify chlorine as the element most similar to fluorine.

Select the correct row

Combining both findings:

• Element forming an ionic compound with fluorine: Lithium
• Element with properties most similar to fluorine: Chlorine

This corresponds to the second row of the table.
</reasoning>

<answer>
<mcq-option>Row 1: Lithium | Oxygen</mcq-option>
<mcq-correct>Row 2: Lithium | Chlorine</mcq-correct>
<mcq-option>Row 3: Sulfur | Oxygen</mcq-option>
<mcq-option>Row 4: Sulfur | Chlorine</mcq-option>
</answer>

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