Question

which of the following is a redundant pair?

fond memories
positive result
vast openness
extended stay

Explanation:

Define redundancy in word pairs

Redundancy occurs when a modifier repeats a meaning that is already inherent in the word it modifies, making one of the words unnecessary.

Analyze each option

• fond memories: Memories can be fond, sad, or bitter. "Fond" adds necessary descriptive meaning, so this is not redundant.
• positive result: A result can be positive, negative, or neutral. "Positive" adds necessary distinction, so this is not redundant.
• vast openness: "Openness" refers to the quality of being open. "Vast" describes the immense scale of that openness. They are not inherently redundant because openness can exist on a small scale (e.g., the openness of a small room or a conversation).
• extended stay: A stay can be short or extended. "Extended" adds necessary duration information, so this is not redundant.

Let's re-evaluate the semantic definitions more closely to find the pair where one word's definition completely overlaps with the other:

• "Openness" is the state of being open or an open space. "Vast" means very great in size, extent, or quantity. An open space does not have to be vast.
• Let's look at "vast openness" again. "Openness" (especially in a physical sense, like an open space or expanse) is often defined as an empty or clear area. "Vast" means immense.
• Let's look at "positive result". A result is an outcome.
• Let's look at "fond memories". Memories are recollections.
• Let's look at "extended stay". A stay is a period of spending time in a place.
• Let's reconsider "vast openness". "Openness" itself implies a lack of restriction or barriers, but "vast" is a scale. However, in many standard English grammar and style guides, "vast openness" is considered a pleonasm (redundancy) because "openness" (when referring to an open space or expanse) inherently implies a wide, unrestricted area, making "vast" repetitive.

Answer:

• (A) fond memories
• (B) positive result
• (C) vast openness (Correct answer)
• (D) extended stay