Question

which of the following issues are associated with overconsumption (overpumping) of groundwater? select all that apply.
saltwater intrusion
drainage of wetlands
land subsidence
impedes fish migration
question 4
2 pts
most of the water withdrawals for agriculture are, and most of the water withdrawals for public/municipal use are.
consumptive, nonconsumptive
consumptive, consumptive
nonconsumptive, consumptive
nonconsumptive, nonconsumptive

Explanation:

• For the first question:
• Saltwater intrusion: Overpumping groundwater near coastal areas lowers the groundwater level, allowing saltwater (from the ocean) to move inland and contaminate freshwater aquifers.
• Land subsidence: When too much groundwater is removed, the soil and rock layers (aquifer materials) compress, causing the land above to sink or subside.
• Drainage of wetlands is usually due to activities like direct wetland - area drainage for agriculture or development, not directly due to groundwater over - pumping.
• Impedes fish migration is more related to structures like dams (blocking river channels) rather than groundwater over - pumping.
• For the second question:
• In agriculture, most water withdrawals are consumptive. Water is used for irrigation, and a large portion of it evaporates (from soil and plant transpiration) and is not returned to the water source in a short - term, readily available form.
• For public/municipal use (e.g., drinking water, sewage treatment where water is treated but then may be released back to water bodies in a different form), most withdrawals are non - consumptive. The water is treated and can re - enter the water cycle in a more direct way compared to agricultural water use.

Answer:

• First question: Saltwater intrusion, Land subsidence.
• Second question: consumptive, nonconsumptive.