Question

which of the following must employers include in the written operating procedures?

steps for each operating phase
operating limits
safety and health considerations
all of the above

Explanation:

Analyze OSHA Process Safety Management requirements

Under OSHA's Process Safety Management (PSM) standard (29 CFR 1910.119(f)), employers must develop and implement written operating procedures that provide clear instructions for safely conducting activities involved in each covered process.

Evaluate the listed components

The standard explicitly requires written operating procedures to address:

• Steps for each operating phase (e.g., initial startup, normal operations, temporary operations, emergency shutdown)
• Operating limits (consequences of deviation and steps required to correct or avoid deviation)
• Safety and health considerations (properties of chemicals used, precautions to prevent exposure, control measures)

Determine the correct option

Since all three individual options are mandatory components of the written operating procedures under OSHA PSM standards, the correct choice is "All of the above".

Answer:

• Steps for each operating phase
• Operating limits
• Safety and health considerations
• All of the above (Correct answer)