Question

which of the following was a direct cause of job specialization in early human civilizations?
a. improvement of hunting methods
b. development of agriculture
c. stratification of society
d. establishment of trade networks

Explanation:

The development of agriculture created a stable food surplus, meaning not all people needed to focus on food production. This allowed individuals to specialize in other tasks like tool-making, construction, or governance, directly spurring job specialization in early civilizations. Other options are either indirect effects or later developments: hunting improvements did not create a large enough surplus, social stratification was an effect of specialization, and trade networks developed after specialization began.

Answer:

B. Development of agriculture