Question

which of the following is the congenital heart disease that produces a \machinery\ murmur that is heard throughout the entire cardiac cycle?
tetralogy of fallot
transposition of the great vessels
patent ductus arteriosus
ventricular septal defect

Explanation:

• Tetralogy of Fallot: Characterized by a systolic ejection murmur due to right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
• Transposition of the great vessels: Usually has no murmur or a soft systolic murmur in the early stages.
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Blood flows continuously from the aorta (higher pressure) to the pulmonary artery (lower pressure) throughout the cardiac cycle, creating a continuous "machinery - like" murmur.
• Ventricular septal defect: Produces a pansystolic murmur (during systole only).

Answer:

Patent Ductus Arteriosus