Question

which of the following is associated with acute pancreatitis?
○ shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and peritonitis
○ decreased serum lipase and amylase levels and loss of surfactant
○ pathognomonic diabetes mellitus type 2 onset
○ always results in obstructive jaundice onset

Explanation:

• For the option "shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and peritonitis": Severe acute pancreatitis can lead to systemic inflammatory response, causing shock (due to fluid shifts/hypotension), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, from inflammatory mediators affecting coagulation), and peritonitis (from pancreatic enzymes leaking into the peritoneum).
• For "decreased serum lipase and amylase levels and loss of surfactant": Acute pancreatitis is associated with increased serum amylase and lipase, and surfactant loss is related to respiratory issues like ARDS in some cases but not a direct marker of pancreatitis.
• For "pathognomonic diabetes mellitus type 2 onset": Acute pancreatitis can cause transient hyperglycemia, but type 2 diabetes onset is not pathognomonic (specific) for it.
• For "always results in obstructive jaundice onset": Obstructive jaundice occurs only if there’s biliary obstruction (e.g., gallstone pancreatitis), not in all cases of acute pancreatitis.

Answer:

A. shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and peritonitis