Question

which conclusion could be made from ernest rutherfords gold foil experiment?
atoms are made up of mostly empty space.
atoms are mainly solid and block alpha particles.
the volume of the nucleus is large compared to the rest of the atom.
the mass of the nucleus is small compared to the rest of the atom.

Explanation:

In Rutherford's gold - foil experiment, most alpha particles passed through the gold foil. This implies that atoms are made up of mostly empty space. If atoms were mainly solid (as in the second option), most alpha particles would be blocked. The nucleus has a very small volume compared to the atom (contradicting the third option), and the nucleus has most of the atom's mass (contradicting the fourth option).

Answer:

Atoms are made up of mostly empty space.