Question

what did rutherfords model of the atom include that thomsons model did not have?
○ a nucleus
○ energy levels
○ electron clouds
○ smaller particles

Explanation:

Thomson's model (plum - pudding model) thought electrons were embedded in a positive "soup". Rutherford's gold - foil experiment led him to propose a model with a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center, where most of the atom's mass is concentrated, and electrons orbit around it. Energy levels were part of Bohr's model, electron clouds are from the quantum mechanical model, and both models knew of smaller particles (like electrons). So Rutherford's model included a nucleus which Thomson's didn't.

Answer:

a. a nucleus