Question

1. what is the relationship between a manipulated variable and a responding variable?

the manipulated variable causes no change in the responding variable.
the manipulated variable is changed by the responding variable.
the manipulated variable causes a change in the responding variable.

Explanation:

In an experiment, the manipulated variable (independent variable) is the one that is changed or controlled. The responding variable (dependent variable) is the one that is measured and changes in response to the manipulated variable. So the manipulated variable causes a change in the responding variable.

Answer:

The manipulated variable causes a change in the responding variable.