Question

1. what is the purpose of checking nitrogen balance?

it can indicate adequate or inadequate protein consumption
it is useful in diagnosing frailty and sarcopenia.
it can measure impaired inflammatory response.
it indicates whether the person has muscle depletion.

1. which of the following is a sign or symptom associated with dysphagia?

feeling emptiness in the stomach
having abdominal pain
experiencing dumping syndrome
clearing the throat frequently

1. which nutritional screening tool has five steps as well as management guidelines?

malnutrition screening tool (mst)
malnutrition universal screening tool (must)
mini nutritional assessment (mna)
nutrition risk score 2002 (nrs - 2002)

1. which nutritional screening tool is the most commonly used to screen institutionalized geriatric patients?

malnutrition screening tool (mst)
malnutrition universal screening tool (must)
mini nutritional assessment (mna)
nutrition risk score 2002 (nrs - 2002)

1. mr. flannagan has been recently diagnosed with early alzheimers. which signs or symptoms do you expect him to have as the disease worsens?

renewed interest in reading, writing, and puzzles
consistent weight gain over the next few years
difficulty learning new things, organizing, and logical thinking
remembering how to make appointments with the health provider

Explanation:

• Question 6: Nitrogen balance is related to protein metabolism. Proteins contain nitrogen. By checking nitrogen balance (nitrogen intake vs nitrogen excretion), we can tell if protein consumption is adequate (positive or neutral balance) or inadequate (negative balance).
• Question 7: Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing. Frequent throat - clearing can be a sign as the person may try to clear the throat due to something "sticking" during swallowing. Abdominal pain is more related to gastrointestinal issues in the abdomen, feeling emptiness in the stomach is related to hunger or gastric emptying, and dumping syndrome is related to rapid gastric emptying (usually after bariatric surgery).
• Question 8: The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) has five steps (screening for BMI, unintentional weight loss, and acute disease - related effect on food intake) and management guidelines.
• Question 9: The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is commonly used for institutionalized geriatric patients as it is designed to assess nutritional status in this population, considering aspects like dietary intake, weight loss, mobility, etc.
• Question 10: Alzheimer's disease affects cognitive functions. As it worsens, difficulty in learning new things, organizing, and logical thinking (cognitive decline) is expected. Renewed interest in activities is not typical, consistent weight gain is not a classic sign (unintentional weight loss can occur), and remembering to make appointments would be a function that deteriorates.

Answer:

1. It can indicate adequate or inadequate protein consumption.
2. Clearing the throat frequently.
3. Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST).
4. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).
5. Difficulty learning new things, organizing, and logical thinking.