Question

1. what did miller and urey include in their experiment to simulate the effects of lightning?

electric charge
hydrogen
ions
heat

Explanation:

In the Miller - Urey experiment, an electric charge was used to simulate the effects of lightning. Lightning is an electrical discharge, and the electric charge in their setup mimicked this electrical energy which could drive chemical reactions in the simulated early - Earth atmosphere. Hydrogen was part of the gas mixture (along with methane, ammonia, and water vapor) to represent the early - Earth atmosphere, but it was not used to simulate lightning. Ions are charged particles that can be produced by various processes but were not the component to simulate lightning. Heat was not the factor used for simulating lightning in their experiment.

Answer:

electric charge