Question

• what are earthquakes?

◦ the _ _|_ or trembling caused by the sudden __________
of energy
◦ usually associated with ___________________ or breaking of rocks
◦ continuing adjustment of _______________ results in ___________

• what are seismic waves?

◦ response of _____________________ to the arrival of energy fronts
_____________ by the _____________
◦ two types!!

• body waves
• ____ and ____
• ____________ waves
• r and l

◦ body waves: p and s waves

• p or _______________ waves

Explanation:

To answer the fill - in - the - blanks about earthquakes and seismic waves, we refer to the basic knowledge of geology (a sub - field of Natural Science, specifically Earth Science which is part of Geography or Geology sub - fields here):

For “What are Earthquakes?”

1. The first blank: Earthquakes are the shaking of the ground (or trembling) caused by the sudden release of energy.
2. The second part about rocks: Usually associated with the sliding (or movement) or breaking of rocks (due to tectonic forces).
3. The third part: Continuing adjustment of faults (the fracture zones between rocks) results in aftershocks (smaller earthquakes that occur after the main shock as the earth's crust adjusts).

For “What are Seismic Waves?”

1. The first blank: Response of the Earth's crust (or the Earth's interior) to the arrival of energy fronts generated by the earthquake (the seismic source).
2. For the types of seismic waves:

• Body waves: P (Primary) and S (Secondary) waves.
• Surface Waves: R (Rayleigh) and L (Love) waves.
• For P waves: P or Primary (or Compressional) waves (they are the first waves to arrive and are compressional in nature, moving in the direction of wave propagation).

Filled - in Answers (in order of blanks):

• “What are Earthquakes?”:
• The \(\boldsymbol{\text{shaking}}\) of the ground or trembling caused by the sudden \(\boldsymbol{\text{release}}\) of energy.
• Usually associated with \(\boldsymbol{\text{sliding (or movement)}}\) or breaking of rocks.
• Continuing adjustment of \(\boldsymbol{\text{faults}}\) results in \(\boldsymbol{\text{aftershocks}}\).
• “What are Seismic Waves?”:
• Response of \(\boldsymbol{\text{the Earth's crust (or interior)}}\) to the arrival of energy fronts \(\boldsymbol{\text{generated}}\) by the \(\boldsymbol{\text{earthquake}}\).
• Body waves: \(\boldsymbol{\text{P (Primary)}}\) and \(\boldsymbol{\text{S (Secondary)}}\) waves.
• \(\boldsymbol{\text{Surface}}\) Waves: R and L.
• P or \(\boldsymbol{\text{Primary (Compressional)}}\) waves.

Answer:

To answer the fill - in - the - blanks about earthquakes and seismic waves, we refer to the basic knowledge of geology (a sub - field of Natural Science, specifically Earth Science which is part of Geography or Geology sub - fields here):

For “What are Earthquakes?”

1. The first blank: Earthquakes are the shaking of the ground (or trembling) caused by the sudden release of energy.
2. The second part about rocks: Usually associated with the sliding (or movement) or breaking of rocks (due to tectonic forces).
3. The third part: Continuing adjustment of faults (the fracture zones between rocks) results in aftershocks (smaller earthquakes that occur after the main shock as the earth's crust adjusts).

For “What are Seismic Waves?”

1. The first blank: Response of the Earth's crust (or the Earth's interior) to the arrival of energy fronts generated by the earthquake (the seismic source).
2. For the types of seismic waves:

• Body waves: P (Primary) and S (Secondary) waves.
• Surface Waves: R (Rayleigh) and L (Love) waves.
• For P waves: P or Primary (or Compressional) waves (they are the first waves to arrive and are compressional in nature, moving in the direction of wave propagation).

Filled - in Answers (in order of blanks):

• “What are Earthquakes?”:
• The \(\boldsymbol{\text{shaking}}\) of the ground or trembling caused by the sudden \(\boldsymbol{\text{release}}\) of energy.
• Usually associated with \(\boldsymbol{\text{sliding (or movement)}}\) or breaking of rocks.
• Continuing adjustment of \(\boldsymbol{\text{faults}}\) results in \(\boldsymbol{\text{aftershocks}}\).
• “What are Seismic Waves?”:
• Response of \(\boldsymbol{\text{the Earth's crust (or interior)}}\) to the arrival of energy fronts \(\boldsymbol{\text{generated}}\) by the \(\boldsymbol{\text{earthquake}}\).
• Body waves: \(\boldsymbol{\text{P (Primary)}}\) and \(\boldsymbol{\text{S (Secondary)}}\) waves.
• \(\boldsymbol{\text{Surface}}\) Waves: R and L.
• P or \(\boldsymbol{\text{Primary (Compressional)}}\) waves.