Question

1. what is a complication of alzheimers disease that is common in the late stage of the disease?

aspiration pneumonia
hypertension
heart failure
arthritis

1. which type of dementia is caused when blood clots block small blood vessels in the brain and destroy brain tissue?

vascular dementia
alzheimers disease
normal pressure hydrocephalus
picks disease

1. how is alzheimers disease diagnosed definitively?

mini-mental status exam
blood test
psychological examination
brain tissue examination

1. what is the key to providing person-centered care?

identifying behaviors and their triggers
providing medication
following a strict routine

Explanation:

• Question 6: In the late - stage of Alzheimer's, patients may have difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), which can lead to aspiration pneumonia (when food, liquid, or other foreign substances are inhaled into the lungs). Hypertension, heart failure, and arthritis are not directly common late - stage complications specific to Alzheimer's in the context of the disease's progression.
• Question 7: Vascular dementia is caused by problems with blood flow to the brain. When blood clots block small blood vessels in the brain and destroy brain tissue, it is vascular dementia. Alzheimer's is due to protein plaques and tangles, normal pressure hydrocephalus is related to cerebrospinal fluid issues, and Pick's disease is a frontotemporal dementia.
• Question 8: A brain tissue examination (usually through autopsy) is the definitive way to diagnose Alzheimer's as it can show the characteristic amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The mini - mental status exam is a screening tool, blood tests are not definitive for Alzheimer's diagnosis, and psychological examinations are also not the definitive diagnostic method.
• Question 9: Identifying behaviors and their triggers is key to person - centered care as it allows caregivers to address the root causes of a patient's behavior in a personalized way. Providing medication is a treatment option but not the key to person - centered care. Following a strict routine may not be person - centered as it does not account for individual differences.

Answer:

1. Aspiration pneumonia
2. Vascular dementia
3. Brain tissue examination
4. Identifying behaviors and their triggers